Basically, the stud has to be healthy and produce healthy semen to sire any litter at all. Onus lies on the bitch to influence the litter size. The litter size is influence by the bitch based on the following:
1.Healthy of the bitch to avoid foetal resorption.
2.The number of eggs the bitch releases during ovulation that are healthy and mature for fertilization.
3.Timing of the mating to ensure the eggs are still within their lifespan. Wrong timing can make semen to meet dead matured eggs at mating.