Here is my contribution and you may add yours. Let us learn:
Let me start by talking on semen and eggs. A male sperm has X and Y(XY) chromosomes and the eggs have X and X(XX) chromosomes.
X chromosomes are very sluggish in movement while Y chromosomes are fast walkers. X chromosomes have longer lifespan than Y chromosomes. Y chromosomes die quickly.
When a bitch ovulates, the eggs will need about 2½ days to reach maturity. That is to say it takes that for the eggs to be ready to join with sperm. If the bitch has already ovulated and semen is introduced via A.I, there is possibility that the eggs are already matured to join with semen, then the Y chromosomes will have a better chance to join one of the XX chromosomes from the bitch to produce XY( male puppy). When the X from the male semen will get to the eggs, there may not be any egg to be fertilised.
On the other hand, if the bitch has just ovulated and the eggs have not matured, there is a chance that the fast runner Y chromosomes will get to the eggs early and die off before the eggs are matured. This suffice to say that X chromosomes from the semen will have a higher chance to fertilize the eggs, resulting in more females or all female litter.
It is a whole lot of work to actually get the desired sex in a litter. We need to do ovulation test, we need to know the type of semen we are to use and their lifespan, we also need to select the appropriate artificial insemination device. It involves a lot of critical reasoning and deductions. We need to know the best artificial insemination kit to be adopted, which can either be transcervical type or transvaginal type. You may read more on transcervical insemination kit here:https://www.euniversalstarskennels.com/product/canine-visual-insemination-gun/. Also read about the transvaginal kits here:https://www.euniversalstarskennels.com/?product_cat=transvaginal-insemination&s=&post_type=product
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